According to a report from the Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship, as opposed to developed countries, where the percentage of the skilled workforce is between 60% and 90% of the total workforce, India records an abysmal 4.69% of the workforce with formal vocational skills.
There is a huge discrepancy between education, skill training and employment.
Therefore, to recognize the need and importance of skills currently, over 40 Skill Development Programmes (SDPs) are being implemented by over 18 Ministries/Departments of the Government of India. Out of these schemes, Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY) is the flagship outcome-based skill training scheme of the Government of India.
Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana was launched two years ago on 15 July 2015, on the occasion of World Youth Skills Day by Honourable Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi. This Scheme shall be implemented through Public-Private and Public-Public Partnerships (PPPs). On its successful completion of one year, the Union Cabinet approved it for another four years (2016-2020) to benefit 10 million youth with an outlay of Rs 12,000 crores.
The Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (2016-2020) target shall be implemented by both the Centre as well as the States. It has two components:
- Centrally Sponsored Centrally Managed (CSCM): 75% of the PMKVY (2016-2020) funds shall be available to MSDE (Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship) for skilling through National Skill Development Corporation (NSDC).
- Centrally Sponsored State Managed (CSSM): 25% of the funds of PMKVY 2.0 shall be allocated to the States.
Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana is being implemented through the National Skill Development Corporation(NSDC) under the Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship.
The National Skill Development Corporation India, (NSDC) is a one of its kind, Public Private Partnership in India. Some of its key objectives are:
- It aims to promote skill development by catalyzing the creation of large, quality, for-profit vocational institutions.
- Its mandate is also to enable support systems such as quality assurance, information systems and train the trainer academics either directly or through partnerships.
- It acts as a catalyst in skill development by providing funding to enterprises, companies and organizations that provide skill training.
- It will also develop appropriate models to enhance, support and coordinate private sector initiatives.
OBJECTIVE OF Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana
The aim of PMKVY is to encourage skill development for youth through a monetary reward for skill certification. This will, in turn, help boost their employability and productivity. Specifically, the scheme will provide monetary rewards for successful completion of approved training. The reward amount will be directly transferred to the trainee’s bank account. Aadhaar number will be used for unique identification of each candidate. However, the monetary reward will vary for various job roles within a sector.↓
Under this Scheme, Training and Assessment fees are completely paid by the Government. Assessment and training bodies for all purposes of the Scheme will be separate and no overlap of roles will be allowed to maintain transparency and objectivity.
KEY COMPONENTS OF Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana:
| 1. Short-Term Training- The short-term training is imparted at Training Centres. Training will be done against standards (National Occupational Standards – NOS and Qualification Packs – QPs for specific job roles) formulated by industry-driven bodies, namely the Sector Skills Councils (SSCs). The job roles identified by SSCs for Level 1 to Level 4 is aligned with National Skills Qualification Framework(NSQF) and aim to target school/ college dropout. |
| 2. Recognition of Prior Learning- The existing skills of individuals shall be assessed and certified through recognition of prior learning. RPL aims to align the competencies of the unregulated workforce of the country to the NSQF. Project Implementing Agencies (PIAs), such as Sector Skill Councils (SSCs) or any other agencies designated by MSDE/NSDC, shall be incentivised to implement RPL projects in any of the three Project Types (RPL Camps, RPL at Employer’s Premises and RPL centres). To address knowledge gaps, PIAs may offer Bridge Courses to RPL candidates. |
| 3. Special Projects – It will enable a platform that will facilitate in special areas and/or premises of Government bodies, Corporates or Industry bodies, and training in special job roles not defined under the available Qualification Packs (QPs)/National Occupational Standards (NOSs). |
| 4. Kaushal and Rozgar Mela- It is organized every six months by training partners to ensure schemes reach and success far and wide. |
| 5. Placement Assistance- It is a kind of mentorship programme to link the aptitude, aspiration and knowledge of PMKVY candidates to potential employers. |
| 6. Monitoring Guidelines- To ensure that high standards of quality are maintained by PMKVY Training Centres(TCs), NSDC and empanelled Inspection Agencies shall use various methodologies, such as self-audit reporting, call validations, surprise visits, and monitoring through the Skills Development ManagementSystem (SDMS). These methodologies shall be enhanced with the engagement of latest technologies. |
Note:-
Some defined terms:-
- SSCs – Sector Skill Councils (SSCs) are industry-led bodies, who would be responsible for the defining the skilling needs, concept, processes, certification, accreditation of their respective industry sectors. The SSCs shall prescribe the NOSs and QPs for the job roles relevant to their industry, and shall work with the NSDA to ensure that these are in accordance with the NSQF.
- The National Skill Qualification Framework (NSQF)- It would be a descriptive framework that organizes qualifications according to a series of levels of knowledge, skills and aptitude. These levels are defined in terms of learning outcomes i.e., the competencies which the learners must possess regardless of whether they were acquired through formal, non-formal or informal education and training. It is, therefore, a nationally integrated education and competency-based skill framework that will provide for multiple pathways both within vocational education and vocational training and among vocational education, vocational training, general education and technical education, thus linking one level of learning to another higher level to enable a person to acquire desired skill levels, transit to the job market and return to skill development to further upgrade their skill sets.
- NOSs – National Occupational Standards (NOSs) specify the standard of performance an individual must achieve when carrying out a particular activity in the workplace, together with the knowledge and understanding they need to meet that standard consistently. Each NOS defines one key function in a job role. In their essential form, NOSs describe functions, standards of performance and knowledge/understanding.
- QPs – A set of NOSs, aligned to a job role, called Qualification Packs (QPs), would be available for every job role in each industry sector. These drive both the creation of curriculum and assessments. These job roles would be at various proficiency levels and aligned to the NSQF.NOSs and QPs for job roles in various industry sectors, created by SSCs and subsequently ratified by appropriate authority, would be available online and updated from time to time.
- SDMS – The Skill Development Management System (SDMS) has been developed and maintained by the NSDC.
Conclusion-
Skilling individual is a challenging task and that is also on a large scale. Therefore, there is a need for collaboration of organizations/industry to connect with the message of the scheme that is- ‘Kushal Bharat, Kaushal Bharat’ and invest in skilling people apart from providing them with an employment opportunity.
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Reference:
- PMKVY scheme document
- View PMKVY Courses list and Job Roles
- PMKVY Franchise